Physical Properties of Matter

Physical properties are any properties of matter which can be perceived or observed without changing the chemical identity of the sample. In contrast, chemical properties are those that can only be observed and measured by performing a chemical reaction, thus changing the molecular structure of the sample. Because physical properties include such a wide array of characteristics, they are further classified as either intensive or extensive and either isotropic or anisotropic. Intensive and Extensive Physical Properties Physical properties may be classified as either intensive or extensive. Intensive physical properties do not depend on the samples size or mass.  Examples of intensive properties include boiling point, state of matter, and density. Extensive physical properties depend on the amount of matter in the sample. Examples of extensive properties include size, mass, and volume. Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties Physical properties are isotropic properties if they do not depend on the orientation of the specimen or direction from which it is observed. The properties are anisotropic properties if they do depend on the orientation. While any physical property could be assigned as isotropic or anisotropic, the terms are usually applied to help identify or distinguish materials based on their optical and mechanical properties. For example, one crystal might be isotropic with respect to color and opacity, while another might appear a different color, depending on the viewing axis. In a metal, grains might be distorted or elongated along one axis compared with another. Examples of Physical Properties Any property you can see, smell, touch, hear or otherwise detect and measure without performing a chemical reaction is a physical property. Examples of physical properties include: colorshapevolumedensitytemperatureboiling pointviscositypressuresolubilityelectric charge Image By Marc Gutierrez / Getty Images Physical Properties of Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds The nature of chemical bonds plays a role in some of the physical properties that may be displayed by a material. The ions in ionic compounds are strongly attracted to other ions with opposite charge and repelled by like charges. Atoms in covalent molecules are stable and not strongly attracted or repelled by other parts of the material. As a consequence ionic solids tend to have higher melting points and boiling points, compared with low melting and boiling points of covalent solids. Ionic compounds tend to be electrical conductors when they are melted or dissolved, while covalent compounds tend to be poor conductors in any form. Ionic compounds are usually crystalline solids, while covalent molecules may exist as liquids, gases, or solids. Ionic compounds often dissolve in water and other polar solvents, while covalent compounds are more likely to dissolve in nonpolar solvents. Physical Properties vs. Chemical Properties Chemical properties encompass those characteristics of matter which can only be observed by changing the chemical identity of a sample, which is to say, by examining its behavior in a chemical reaction. Examples of chemical properties include flammability (observed from combustion), reactivity (measured by readiness to participate in a reaction), and toxicity (demonstrated by exposing an organism to a chemical). Chemical and Physical Changes Chemical and physical properties are related to chemical and physical changes. A physical change only alters the shape or appearance of a sample and not its chemical identity. A chemical change is a chemical reaction, which rearranges a sample on a molecular level.

The Lottery, By Shirley Jackson - 942 Words

Short Fiction Essay: The Lottery General inhumanity and violence typically manifests itself in an extensive, controversial manner such as the Holocaust, World War II, and the enslavement of African Americans. However, atrocities and brutality invade the life of an everyday individual in a more inconspicuous manner that may be overlooked or not considered unjust behavior against their fellow man. Shirley Jackson, author of literary classic The Lottery, begins by describing what appears to be a pleasant, summer day in a quaint English village. The villagers gather for their yearly humdrum lottery in which tradition entails each of them to participate. After each head of the household has drawn for their respective family from a shabby black box and the winner is announced, the villagers proceed to stone their likable neighbor, Tessie Hutchinson, to death and partake in ritualistic murder. Since published in 1948, the sinister short story has continued to stir up eerie feelings amongst readers. Although Jackson holds off until the conclusion to unravel the true purpose behind the uncanny lottery, the story sends a blatant message, blind adherence towards tradition or social order reveal the darker side of human nature. Shirley Jackson tactfully combined style, tone, and symbolism to create a chilling dramatization of conformity unhinged. One of the elements of The Lottery that allows for it to evoke such a disturbing feeling within readers is Jackson’s cynical, journalisticShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson757 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main character Tessie Hutchinson in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not like Mega Million or Powerball one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. TessieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jacksonâ €™s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson8 11 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portraysRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husband

Hinduism Architecture Free Essays

Hinduism Architecture Hinduism is a predominant religion of the Indian subcontinent. It begins simply by differentiating between matter and spirit and the theology of the religion is based upon three main truths, God, Matter and Soul (Richard Blurter, 1992). It is also a conglomeration of intellectual and philosophical points of view, rather than inelastic common sets of beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on Hinduism Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hinduism believes in the real self which is called the â€Å"ATM† is distinct from the temporary body made of matter or â€Å"Portrait† ( Richard Blurter, 1992). Hinduism dates back to the early Harpoon period (5500-BECAME) and its life and practices during the pre-classical era are known as the Historical Vivid religion. Many Hindu ideas and thoughts are greatly reflected in the Hindu architecture. Hindu architecture bear witness to the strong spirituality of India. Hindu architecture is known as Vast Shasta. In Sanskrit the word â€Å"vast† meaner a building or structure and so the expression â€Å"vast Shasta† is the science of structure (Raja Kumar 2003). Hindu Architecture addresses two kinds of buildings, religious structures including temples and shrines and non-religious structures including civic buildings and residential homes (Raja Kumar, 2003). It is believed that astrology plays an important part in Hinduism theology and also Hinduism architecture and follows three principles. The first is the idea that the world is the body of God. A sacred structure such as a temple is designed to be not Just the home of God, but the actual body of God. The second principle concerns the relationship between the macrocosm and the microcosm where the temple is compared to the large universe. The third principle teaches that the part always contains within itself he whole. The design of a building should align with the universe so that we control the forces of the universe within that building (Villainies, 2009). The Hindu temples are designed to represent a cosmic mountain that serves as the earthly residence of the cosmic deities. Hindu traditions tell us that there are forces, some subtle and others not so subtle, some positive and some negative, around us at all times and it is in our interest to take full advantage of these positive forces and avoid the negative forces (Villainies, 2009). The architecture of the temples represents he faith’s complex cosmology, with sanctuary walls accommodating statues, sacred emblems and myths of Hindu pantheon. In Hinduism the temple is a central element in all aspects of everyday life. It is significant not only for religious activities but also for elements of culture, society and education. The temples do not contain large internal spaces, they are tabernacles preceded by halls used for rituals, and music and dance since the architecture of the temples are the expression of faith (Raja Kumar, 2003). The Hindu temple is considered the centre of intellectual, artistic, virtual, educational and social elements of daily life. Furthermore, the temple is a place where God may be approached and where divine knowledge can be discovered therefore, the temple is designed to dissolve the boundaries between man and the divine. Hindu architecture combines harmony and symmetry with a high degree of outer adornment. Elements are designed to have correct proportions and exert a positive influence on their surroundings. The reason what makes the architecture so beautiful is the small details that harmonize and mix with the colossal architecture. The architectural plans are based on â€Å"wants† which is the diagrams of the universe. It is a circle within a square, within a rectangle, with four gates to represent the four directions of the universe. At the center of the temple is the sanctuary, where an image or symbol of the temple deity is kept. Many temples sit on top of a cruciform platform, with a tall spire called â€Å"sierras† ( Richard Blurter, 1992). They are usually set on platforms, with stairways connecting different levels. Large temples sometimes have separate buildings for meditation halls, offices and other purposes, and elaborate porches. Hindu temples typically consist of a prayer hall called a â€Å"mandate† and a sanctuary or central shrine called a â€Å"agoraphobia† (Richard Blurter, 1992). The sanctuary contains an icon of the Hindu deity. The focus of a temple is the inner sanctum, which sits on elevated platform below the central tower. It is the most sacred part of the temple and symbolizes a womb. Most temples have an outer wall with gates or â€Å"asparagus† that represents the four directions of the universe and are considered thresholds between the universe and the outer world. The gates are usually protected by sculpted warriors and sometimes river goddesses (Richard Blurter, 1992). The main gate is on the auspicious east side. The west is considered inauspicious and associated with death. The north is linked with elephants, which are valued because of their strength. The south is considered neutral. Non-religious architecture always begins by laying the cosmic body of God or â€Å"Pursues† over every building site or â€Å"Mandela†. The cosmic body is positioned in relation to the site. The head of God lies in the northeast corner because it is lived that sun equals light which equals knowledge and that Fourth more equals consciousness and ultimately spiritual enlightenment (Villainies, 2009). The east is the source of light and the north-east point is the most important because it is the point of minimization of light. The south-west corner, which is the exact opposite of the north-east corner is not considered an auspicious place and so when arranging a home one should avoid placing the meditation, kitchen or offices in this place. How to cite Hinduism Architecture, Papers